letter-pattern cryptanalysis - meaning and definition. What is letter-pattern cryptanalysis
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What (who) is letter-pattern cryptanalysis - definition

STUDY OF THE FREQUENCY OF LETTERS OR GROUPS OF LETTERS IN A CIPHERTEXT
Frequency Analysis; Etaoi; Frequency analysis (cryptanalysis); Letter frequency analysis
  • First page of [[Al-Kindi]]'s 9th century ''Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages''
  • Part of the cryptogram in ''The Dancing Men''
  • A typical distribution of letters in [[English language]] text. Weak ciphers do not sufficiently mask the distribution, and this might be exploited by a cryptanalyst to read the message.
  • Letter frequency in Spanish
  • [[Arabic Letter Frequency]] distribution

Pattern (casting)         
  • The top and bottom halves of a sand casting mould showing the cavity prepared by patterns.  Cores to accommodate holes can be seen in the bottom half of the mould, which is called the ''drag''. The top half of the mould is called the ''cope''.
FORM USED IN CASTING TO REPLICATE A SHAPE
Pattern (foundry); Pattern-maker; Patternmaker (engineering)
In casting, a pattern is a replica of the object to be cast, used to prepare the cavity into which molten material will be poured during the casting process.
Pattern (sewing)         
  • Digital home sewing pattern
  • Marker-making by computer
  • Student tracing pattern onto fabric
  • Fitting a nettle/canvas-fabric on a [[dress form]]
  • Storage of patterns
  • Students cutting patterns in a sewing class
TEMPLATE FROM WHICH THE PARTS OF A GARMENT ARE TRACED ONTO FABRIC BEFORE BEING CUT OUT
Pattern making book; Pattern-making book; Patternmaking book; Sewing pattern; Dress pattern; Dress-maker's pattern; Pattern cutting; Pattern drafting; Pattern making
In sewing and fashion design, a pattern is the template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto woven or knitted fabrics before being cut out and assembled. Patterns are usually made of paper, and are sometimes made of sturdier materials like paperboard or cardboard if they need to be more robust to withstand repeated use.
Letter (paper size)         
  • Comparison of Letter (shaded light blue) and Government letter sizes with some similar paper and photographic paper sizes
PAPER SIZE
US Letter; Letter paper size; US letter; Letter size; Letter-size paper; Letter paper; 8 1/2 x 11; 8.5 x 11; Eight and a half by eleven; 8.5 * 11
Letter or ANSI Letter is a paper size standard defined by the American National Standards Institute, commonly used as home or office stationery in the United States, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic and the Philippines. It measures , similar to the A4 paper standard used by most other countries, defined in ISO 216 by the International Organization for Standardization.

Wikipedia

Frequency analysis

In cryptanalysis, frequency analysis (also known as counting letters) is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers.

Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in any given stretch of written language, certain letters and combinations of letters occur with varying frequencies. Moreover, there is a characteristic distribution of letters that is roughly the same for almost all samples of that language. For instance, given a section of English language, E, T, A and O are the most common, while Z, Q, X and J are rare. Likewise, TH, ER, ON, and AN are the most common pairs of letters (termed bigrams or digraphs), and SS, EE, TT, and FF are the most common repeats. The nonsense phrase "ETAOIN SHRDLU" represents the 12 most frequent letters in typical English language text.

In some ciphers, such properties of the natural language plaintext are preserved in the ciphertext, and these patterns have the potential to be exploited in a ciphertext-only attack.